Tirana : Tameẓla gar ileqman
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| Ajerriḍ 1: | Ajerriḍ 1: | ||
Tirana d tamaneɣt n Albanya yerna d nettat ay d tamdint tameqrant akk n tmurt-a (zedɣen-tt 520.000 n yimezdaɣen). | Tirana d tamaneɣt n Albanya yerna d nettat ay d tamdint tameqrant akk n tmurt-a (zedɣen-tt 520.000 n yimezdaɣen). | ||
| − | Tirana tezga-d ɣef wasif n Ishm, yerna d nettat d ul n temguri<ref>(fr) industrie, (ar) صناعة</ref> ed yedles n Albanya. Deg Tirana ad naf lluzinat n tuccit, n tmacinin, n ccac, n yisafaren ed yemɣuzen<ref>(fr) métaux, (ar) معادن</ref>. Seg yiseggasen n 1920 ar ass-a, Tirana tennerna s waṭas yerna kecment-tt-id aṭas n temgiryin timaynutin. | + | Tirana tezga-d ɣef wasif n Ishm, yerna d nettat d ul n temguri<ref>-{(fr) industrie, (ar) صناعة}-</ref> ed yedles n Albanya. Deg Tirana ad naf lluzinat n tuccit, n tmacinin, n ccac, n yisafaren ed yemɣuzen<ref>-{(fr) métaux, (ar) }-معادن</ref>. Seg yiseggasen n 1920 ar ass-a, Tirana tennerna s waṭas yerna kecment-tt-id aṭas n temgiryin timaynutin. |
Deg temdint-a, nezmer daɣen ad naf tasdawit (ay d-yettwasbedden deg 1957) ed Usudu Albani n Tussniwin. | Deg temdint-a, nezmer daɣen ad naf tasdawit (ay d-yettwasbedden deg 1957) ed Usudu Albani n Tussniwin. | ||
| − | Ass-a, iduba<ref>(fr) autorités, (ar) سلطات</ref> n Albanya la ɛerrḍen amek ara rren Tirana d tamdint ay d-ijebbden imerrayen<ref>(fr) touristes, (ar) سياح</ref>, ɣas ma yella tama n Balqan mazal llan deg-s wuguren isertiyen ay d-yebdan deg yiseggasen n 1990 deg Albanya, Busnya ed Hirziguvina, Kosovo ed Masidunya. | + | Ass-a, iduba<ref>-{(fr) autorités, (ar) سلطات}-</ref> n Albanya la ɛerrḍen amek ara rren Tirana d tamdint ay d-ijebbden imerrayen<ref>-{(fr) touristes, (ar) سياح}-</ref>, ɣas ma yella tama n Balqan mazal llan deg-s wuguren isertiyen ay d-yebdan deg yiseggasen n 1990 deg Albanya, Busnya ed -{Hirziguvina}-, -{Kosovo}- ed Masidunya. |
==Amezruy== | ==Amezruy== | ||
| − | D ajiniṛal aɛetmani Sulejman Pasha ay d-yesbedden Tirana deg 1614, yerna isemma-as, deg laṣel, « Ṭehran » i wakken ad yerr tajmilt i yimenɣi-nni ay yerbeḥ deg Ṭehran (deg Iṛan). Deg Yennayer n 1920, anabaḍ uɛḍil<ref>(fr) gouvernement provisoire, (ar) حكومة مؤقتة</ref> n Weswir n Lushj yefren Tirana d tamaneɣt n tmurt, ɣas akken tella mazal-itt d tamdint tameẓyant. Deg Wambeṛ n 1944, deg Tirana ay d-yettwassebded unabaḍ asduklan<ref>(fr) communiste, (ar) شيوعي</ref> n Enver Hoxha. | + | D ajiniṛal aɛetmani -{Sulejman Pasha}- ay d-yesbedden Tirana deg 1614, yerna isemma-as, deg laṣel, « Ṭehran » i wakken ad yerr tajmilt i yimenɣi-nni ay yerbeḥ deg Ṭehran (deg Iṛan). Deg Yennayer n 1920, anabaḍ uɛḍil<ref>-{(fr) gouvernement provisoire, (ar) حكومة مؤقتة}-</ref> n Weswir n Lushj yefren Tirana d tamaneɣt n tmurt, ɣas akken tella mazal-itt d tamdint tameẓyant. Deg Wambeṛ n 1944, deg Tirana ay d-yettwassebded unabaḍ asduklan<ref>-{(fr) communiste, (ar) شيوعي}-</ref> n -{Enver Hoxha}-. |
Deg yiseggasen n 1950, tamguri tennerna s waṭas yerna s tɣawla deg Tirana, yerna d aya ay d-ijebden ɣer-s medden armi d asmi tuweḍ ɣer 137.000 n yimezdaɣen deg 1960. Deg tgara n yiseggasen n 1980 ed tezwara n yiseggasen 1990, llant-d tmeskanin timeqranin deg temdint-a, yerna d aya ay yessawḍen ɣer uɣelluy n unabaḍ asduklan n Albanya. | Deg yiseggasen n 1950, tamguri tennerna s waṭas yerna s tɣawla deg Tirana, yerna d aya ay d-ijebden ɣer-s medden armi d asmi tuweḍ ɣer 137.000 n yimezdaɣen deg 1960. Deg tgara n yiseggasen n 1980 ed tezwara n yiseggasen 1990, llant-d tmeskanin timeqranin deg temdint-a, yerna d aya ay yessawḍen ɣer uɣelluy n unabaḍ asduklan n Albanya. | ||
Azmez n lqem taneggarut d 15:51, 31 Mayu 2013
ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴻⵖⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⴻⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ-ⴰ (ⵣⴻⴷⵖⴻⵏ-ⵜⵜ 520.000 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ).
ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵣⴳⴰ-ⴷ ⵖⴻⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵀⵎ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⴻⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ[1] ⴻⴷ ⵢⴻⴷⵍⴻⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵍⵍⵓⵣⵉⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵛⵛⵉⵜ, ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵛⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵛ, ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴰⴼⴰⵔⴻⵏ ⴻⴷ ⵢⴻⵎⵖⵓⵣⴻⵏ[2]. ⵙⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵏ 1920 ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ, ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵏⵏⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴽⴻⵛⵎⴻⵏⵜ-ⵜⵜ-ⵉⴷ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴳⵉⵔⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ.
ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ-ⴰ, ⵏⴻⵣⵎⴻⵔ ⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ (ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴱⴻⴷⴷⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ 1957) ⴻⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ, ⵉⴷⵓⴱⴰ[3] ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵄⴻⵔⵔⴹⴻⵏ ⴰⵎⴻⴽ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵔⵔⴻⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵉⵊⴻⴱⴱⴷⴻⵏ ⵉⵎⴻⵔⵔⴰⵢⴻⵏ[4], ⵖⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵢⴻⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵇⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ-ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵔⴻⵏ ⵉⵙⴻⵔⵜⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵏ 1990 ⴷⴻⴳ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴱⵓⵙⵏⵢⴰ ⴻⴷ Hirziguvina, Kosovo ⴻⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ.
ⴰⵎⴻⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴷ ⴰⵊⵉⵏⵉⵕⴰⵍ ⴰⵄⴻⵜⵎⴰⵏⵉ Sulejman Pasha ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵙⴱⴻⴷⴷⴻⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴷⴻⴳ 1614, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵎⵎⴰ-ⴰⵙ, ⴷⴻⴳ ⵍⴰⵚⴻⵍ, « ⵟⴻⵀⵔⴰⵏ » ⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴻⵔⵔ ⵜⴰⵊⵎⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵏⵖⵉ-ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵔⴱⴻⵃ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵟⴻⵀⵔⴰⵏ (ⴷⴻⴳ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ). ⴷⴻⴳ ⵢⴻⵏⵏⴰⵢⴻⵔ ⵏ 1920, ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵄⴹⵉⵍ[5] ⵏ ⵡⴻⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵙⵀⵊ ⵢⴻⴼⵔⴻⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴻⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ, ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⵜⴻⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⵣⴰⵍ-ⵉⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ. ⴷⴻⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴱⴻⵕ ⵏ 1944, ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴻⴱⴷⴻⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ[6] ⵏ Enver Hoxha.
ⴷⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵏ 1950, ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴻⵏⵏⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵉⵊⴻⴱⴷⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ-ⵙ ⵎⴻⴷⴷⴻⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵡⴻⴹ ⵖⴻⵔ 137.000 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ 1960. ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵏ 1980 ⴻⴷ ⵜⴻⵣⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ 1990, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ-ⴷ ⵜⵎⴻⵙⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴻⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ-ⴰ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵙⵙⴰⵡⴹⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ ⵓⵖⴻⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
